How to get a Portuguese Social Security Number (NISS)?

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What is a Social Security Number?

A Social Security number (SSN) is a unique identification number issued by the Portuguese Social Security system to individuals who are living and working in Portugal. It is used to identify an individual in all interactions with the Portuguese Social Security system, including taxation, social security contributions, and social security benefits.

Those with a citizen’s card do not need to apply for an NISS because this number already appears on the citizen’s card. Legal persons (companies) also don't need to ask for the NISS since it is automatically assigned by the Tax and Customs Authority (AT).
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Why do you need a Social Security Number in Portugal?

If you plan to live and work in Portugal, you'll need a Social Security number for various purposes. Some of the most common reasons include:

1. To work legally in Portugal: All individuals working in Portugal are required to have a Social Security number. It is necessary for employers to register their employees with the Portuguese Social Security system, and individuals must have a Social Security number to receive their salaries.
2. To access healthcare: The Portuguese healthcare system is based on a social security model, meaning that individuals need a Social Security number to access public healthcare services.
3. To receive social security benefits: If you're living and working in Portugal, you may be eligible for social security benefits. To receive these benefits, you'll need a Social Security number.
4. To pay taxes: Individuals who earn income in Portugal are required to pay taxes. To do so, you'll need a Social Security number, which is used to identify you for taxation purposes.

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How to get a Social Security Number in Portugal?

Getting a Social Security number in Portugal is a straightforward process. Here's what you need to do:

Step 1: Access the Segurança Social Website

The NISS request is made by accessing directly the Segurança Social website. You will be asked to state:

• Full name and birthday date
• Identification number: Residence Permit, Visa, or Passport.
  • If you are an EU citizen: Identity Card.
• NIF - in case you already have one
• Country of residence address

‍Step 2: PDF with Required Documents

After filling out the initial data on the website, you must put some documents together in a single PDF (JPG or PNG are also accepted).

Here is a list of what you need:

• ID document listed above
• Proof of employment status
  • Employment contract or;
  • Copy of the document attesting to the self-employment activity beginning and copy of the receipts or;
  • Company registration certificate.
• Proof of application for residence regularisation
  • Proof of application for a residence permit or;
  • Proof of application for a residence visa for citizens of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP) or;
  • Proof of application for a Residence Permit Certificate for CPLP citizens.

Those documents must be presented on a single document with a maximum file size of 5MB. The file name must not have any special characters such as “@, $, &, #” etc.

Step 3: Email confirmation

After submitting your application, you will receive a provisory NISS in your email, and in a few days, you will receive another email with the instructions to collect the NISS in person at the Social Security Services.

Keep in mind that it may take longer to receive your permanent number if you're applying during peak times (e.g., at the beginning of the academic year when many students are starting jobs).

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How long does it take to get a Social Security Number in Portugal?

The time it takes to obtain a Social Security number in Portugal can vary depending on your situation. Generally, it takes around 2-4 weeks to receive your permanent Social Security number (NISS) after submitting your application. However, it may take longer if you're applying during peak times or if there are any issues with your application.

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What are the requirements for obtaining a Social Security Number in Portugal?

To obtain a Social Security number in Portugal, you need to meet the following requirements:

1. You must have a valid Residence Permit (Autorização de Residência) that allows you to live and work in Portugal legally or be applying for one.
2. You must provide proof of your employment status, such as an employment contract or proof of self-employment.
3. You must provide your tax identification number (NIF) or passport number.

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What happens if you don't have a Social Security Number in Portugal?

If you don't have a Social Security number in Portugal, you may face several difficulties, including:

1. Difficulty accessing healthcare: The Portuguese healthcare system is based on a social security model, meaning that individuals need a Social Security number to access public healthcare services.
2. Difficulty receiving social security benefits: If you're living and working in Portugal, you may be eligible for social security benefits. To receive these benefits, you'll need to have a Social Security number. Without this identification number, you may not be able to receive benefits such as unemployment benefits or a pension.
3. Difficulty opening a bank account: Banks in Portugal typically require individuals to have a Social Security number to open a bank account. Without this identification number, you may have difficulty accessing banking services, which can be particularly problematic if you need to receive payments or make transactions.
4. Difficulty renting an apartment: Landlords in Portugal may also require tenants to have a Social Security number as a form of identification. Without this identification number, you may have difficulty finding a place to live or securing a lease.

Overall, not having a Social Security number in Portugal can create several challenges for individuals living and working in the country. If you are a foreign national living in Portugal and plan to work, it is important to obtain a Social Security number to ensure that you can access the benefits and services you need.

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What happens if you leave Portugal?

If you leave Portugal permanently, you should notify the Portuguese Social Security system and cancel your Social Security number. This will ensure that you're not liable for any further social security contributions in Portugal.

To cancel your Social Security number, you'll need to go to your nearest Social Security office and provide some identification, such as your passport or other identification document, and your Social Security number.

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Can you transfer your Social Security number to another country?

No, you can't transfer your Social Security number to another country. Each country has its own social security system, and you'll need to apply for a new Social Security number if you move to another country.

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In conclusion, obtaining a Social Security number is a crucial step for anyone planning to live and work in Portugal. The process is straightforward and can easily be done online.

After submitting an application, applicants will receive a provisional Social Security number, which will be replaced by a permanent number in a few weeks. It is important to note that the time it takes to obtain a Social Security number can vary depending on the situation, and applicants should plan accordingly.

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